Energy submetering involves installing metering devices (kWh meters) downstream from the main utility meter to track energy usage at a more granular level. Submetering is often employed in multi-tenant residential and commercial buildings with a master utility meter. A submeter for each unit allows the energy cost to be allocated based on a tenant’s total consumption and usage pattern. (more...)

Elapsed time is the interval between a starting event and an ending event. An elapsed time meter (ETM) measures this interval with a readout in seconds, minutes, hours, or days. In an industrial application, (more...)

The presence or position of an object can be determined using a variety of sensing techniques. These generally fit in two categories: single point sensing and continuous sensing. (more...)

Ethernet was first standardized in 1983 by the Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers (IEEE). Originally specified for a maximum of 2.94Mbit/sec, it has been revised many times to support higher bit rates, a greater number of nodes, more operating configurations and longer distances. Today Ethernet is the dominant architecture for local area networks (LANs). (more...)

Oil-filled transformers used in transmission and distribution systems are rugged units built for long life. They are designed to handle continuous operation at full load and can withstand short-term operation at significantly higher loads. (more...)